The risks to health whilst travelling will vary between individuals and many issues need to be taken into account, e.g. activities abroad, length of stay and general health of the traveller. It is recommended that you consult with your General Practitioner or Practice Nurse 6-8 weeks in advance of travel. They will assess your particular health risks before recommending vaccines and /or antimalarial tablets. This is also a good opportunity to discuss important travel health issues including safe food and water, accidents, sun exposure and insect bites. Many of the problems experienced by travellers cannot be prevented by vaccinations and other preventive measures need to be taken.
Measles occurs worldwide and is common in developing countries. The pre-travel consultation is a good opportunity to check that you are immune, either by previous immunisation or natural measles infection.
Ensure you are fully insured for medical emergencies including repatriation.
A worldwide list of clinics, run by members of the International Society of Travel Medicine is available on the ISTM website.
Confirm primary courses and boosters are up to date as recommended - including for example, vaccines required for occupational risk of exposure, lifestyle risks and underlying medical conditions.
Travel health advice relating to diphtheria.
Spread person to person through respiratory droplets. Risk is higher if mixing with locals in poor, overcrowded living conditions.
Last Updated: 8th Sep, 2016
Travel health advice relating to Japanese encephalitis.
Spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. This mosquito breeds in rice paddies and mainly bites between dusk and dawn. Risk is higher for long stay travellers to rural areas, particularly if unable to avoid mosquito bites.
Last Updated: 9th Jun, 2015
Travel health advice relating to tetanus.
Spread through contamination of cuts, burns and wounds with tetanus spores. Spores are found in soil worldwide. A total of 5 doses of tetanus vaccine are recommended for life in the UK. Boosters are usually recommended in a country or situation where the correct treatment of an injury may not be readily available.
Last Updated: 11th Aug, 2016
Yellow fever vaccination certificate required for travellers over 1 year of age arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited more than 12 hours through the airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission, excluding Galapagos islands in Ecuador, the island of Tobago and limited to Misiones province in Argentina.
Malaria is a serious and sometimes fatal disease transmitted by mosquitoes. You cannot be vaccinated against malaria.
Altitude and Travel
This country has either areas with high altitude (2400m or more) or/and areas with very high altitude (3658m or more). Travellers who may go into areas of high altitude should take care to avoid ill effects of being at altitude including Acute Mountain Sickness, a potentially life-threatening condition.
Dengue Fever
A viral illness that is transmitted to humans by mosquito bites. The mosquito that spreads dengue bites during the day and is more common in urban areas. Symptoms include fever, headache, severe joint, bone and muscular pain - hence its other name 'breakbone fever'. There is no vaccine and prevention is through avoidance of mosquito bites.
Gastroenteritis in New South Wales - published 25th Jul, 2016
Dengue Fever in Australia (Queensland) - published 28th Apr, 2016
Dengue Virus Infection in Australia (Update) - published 6th May, 2015
Ross River Virus in Australia (Update) - published 28th Apr, 2015
Ross River Virus in Australia (Update) - published 16th Mar, 2015
Dengue Fever in Australia (Cairns) (Update) - published 26th Feb, 2015
Japanese Encephalitis in Australia (ex Indonesia) - published 11th Feb, 2015
Pertussis in Australia - published 2nd Feb, 2015
Dengue Fever in Australia (Cairns) - published 19th Jan, 2015
Melioidosis in Australia - published 24th Dec, 2014
Ross River Virus in Australia - published 8th Sep, 2014
Influenza in Australia - published 13th Aug, 2014
Measles in Australia - published 21st Jul, 2014
Dengue Fever in Australia - published 10th Jun, 2014
Ross River Virus in Australia - published 4th Apr, 2014
Dengue Fever in Australia (Update) - published 13th Feb, 2014
Measles in Australia (Update) - published 12th Feb, 2014
Dengue Fever in Australia - published 28th Jan, 2014
Wildfires in Australia - published 22nd Oct, 2013
Measles in Australia - published 19th Sep, 2013
Ross River Virus in Australia - published 3rd Sep, 2013
Bat Rabies (Human Infection) in Australia - published 11th Mar, 2013
Dengue Fever in Australia - published 1st Feb, 2013
Measles in Australia - published 14th Nov, 2012
Ross River Virus in Australia (Update) - published 4th Oct, 2012
Melioidosis in Australia (Update) - published 14th Jun, 2012
Dengue Fever in Australia - published 14th Jun, 2012
Pertussis (Whooping Cough) in Australia (Update) - published 19th Apr, 2012
Dengue Fever in Australia - published 5th Apr, 2012
Melioidosis in Australia - published 16th Feb, 2012
Ross River Virus in Australia - published 9th Feb, 2012
Pertussis (Whooping Cough) in Australia (Update) - published 12th Jan, 2012