Advice for All Destinations
The risks to health whilst travelling will vary between individuals and many issues need to be taken into account, e.g. activities abroad, length of stay and general health of the traveller. It is recommended that you consult with your General Practitioner or Practice Nurse 6-8 weeks in advance of travel. They will assess your particular health risks before recommending vaccines and /or antimalarial tablets. This is also a good opportunity to discuss important travel health issues including safe food and water, accidents, sun exposure and insect bites. Many of the problems experienced by travellers cannot be prevented by vaccinations and other preventive measures need to be taken.
Measles occurs worldwide and is common in developing countries. The pre-travel consultation is a good opportunity to check that you are immune, either by previous immunisation or natural measles infection.
Ensure you are fully insured for medical emergencies including repatriation.
A worldwide list of clinics, run by members of the International Society of Travel Medicine is available on the ISTM website.
Immunisation
Confirm primary courses and boosters are up to date as recommended - including for example, vaccines required for occupational risk of exposure, lifestyle risks and underlying medical conditions.
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Tetanus
Travel health advice relating to tetanus.
Spread through contamination of cuts, burns and wounds with tetanus spores. Spores are found in soil worldwide. A total of 5 doses of tetanus vaccine are recommended for life in the UK. Boosters are usually recommended in a country or situation where the correct treatment of an injury may not be readily available.
Last Updated: 11th Aug, 2016
No yellow fever vaccination certificate required for this country.
Malaria
Malaria is a serious and sometimes fatal disease transmitted by mosquitoes. You cannot be vaccinated against malaria.
Precaution
- Malaria not normally present unless the illness was contracted abroad.
Other Health Risks
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Altitude and Travel
This country has either areas with high altitude (2400m or more) or/and areas with very high altitude (3658m or more). Travellers who may go into areas of high altitude should take care to avoid ill effects of being at altitude including Acute Mountain Sickness, a potentially life-threatening condition.
Notice Board
This country has reported cases of ZIKV virus infection. ZIKV is most commonly spread by mosquito bites, but there is also a risk of sexual transmission. There is a link between ZIKV infection and babies being born with birth defects.
Advice for Travellers:
- All travellers should practice strict mosquito bite avoidance, at all times.
- Do not travel without adequate travel insurance.
- Seek pre-travel advice from your health care provider 6-8 weeks in advance of travel, particularly important if you are pregnant or planning pregnancy.
- Pregnant women are advised to postpone non-essential travel to countries or areas with High risk of ZIKV transmission.
- Pregnant women are advised to consider postponing non-essential travel to countries or areas with Moderate risk of ZIKV transmission.
- If you develop any feverish illness whilst travelling or on return medical attention must be sought quickly.
Look at the additional advice on the ZIKV Infection page, which includes how to avoid sexual transmission of ZIKV.
In The News
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Zika Virus Infection in Florida (USA) (Update) - published 18th Oct, 2016
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Rabies Virus Infection (Animal) (Human Exposure) USA - published 11th Oct, 2016
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Zika Virus Infection in Florida (USA) (Update) - published 4th Oct, 2016
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Rabies Virus Infection (Animal) (Human Exposure) USA - published 20th Sep, 2016
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Zika Virus Infection in Florida(USA) (Update) - published 16th Sep, 2016
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Zika Virus Infection in USA (Florida) (Update) - published 9th Sep, 2016
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Cryptosporidiosis in USA (Ohio) - published 9th Sep, 2016
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Hepatitis A in USA - published 6th Sep, 2016
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Cryptosporidiosis in USA (Arizona) - published 31st Aug, 2016
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Zika Virus Infection in USA (Florida) (Update) - published 23rd Aug, 2016
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Hepatitis A in Hawaii (Update) - published 19th Aug, 2016
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Zika Virus Infection in USA (Florida) (Update) - published 15th Aug, 2016
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Zika Virus Infection in USA (Florida) (Update) - published 8th Aug, 2016
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Zika Virus Infection in USA (Florida) (Update) - published 3rd Aug, 2016
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Tick-borne Diseases in USA (Alabama) - published 2nd Aug, 2016
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Zika Virus Infection in United States of America (Florida) - published 30th Jul, 2016
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Legionnaire's Disease in USA - published 4th Jul, 2016
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Hepatitis A in Hawaii - published 4th Jul, 2016
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Rabies Virus Infection (Animal) (Human Exposure) - published 31st May, 2016
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Mumps in the United States of America - published 18th Apr, 2016
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Rabies Virus Infection (Animal) (Human Exposure) - published 29th Mar, 2016
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Dengue in the United States (Hawaii) (Update) - published 24th Nov, 2015
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Rabies (Human) in the United States - published 15th Oct, 2015
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Mumps in the United States (Illinois) - published 31st Aug, 2015
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Plague (Human) in the US (California, Yosemite National Park) - published 20th Aug, 2015
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Animal Rabies (Human Exposure) in the United States - published 15th Jun, 2015
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Measles in the United States (Update) - published 17th Mar, 2015
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Measles in the United States - published 10th Feb, 2015
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Measles in the United States of America - published 20th Jan, 2015
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Imported Ebola Virus Disease in United States (NYC) - published 24th Oct, 2014
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West Nile Virus in United States (California) - published 23rd Oct, 2014
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Rabies (Animal) in the United States - published 15th Oct, 2014
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Ebola Virus Disease in United States - published 2nd Oct, 2014
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Chikungunya Virus Infection in the United States (Imported) - published 19th Sep, 2014
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Enterovirus D68 Infection in the United States - published 18th Sep, 2014
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Pertussis in the United States (Update) - published 11th Aug, 2014
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Lyme Disease in the United States (New York) - published 29th Jul, 2014
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Rabies (Animal) in the United States - published 23rd Jul, 2014
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Chikungunya Virus Infection in United States (Florida) - published 21st Jul, 2014
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Mumps in the United States (Update) - published 7th Jul, 2014
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Pertussis in the United States - published 3rd Jun, 2014
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Mumps in the United States (Update) - published 19th May, 2014
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MERS-CoV in the United States (Ex Saudi Arabia) - published 5th May, 2014
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Rabies (Animal) in the United States - published 24th Apr, 2014
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Mumps in the United States (Update) - published 10th Apr, 2014
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Mumps in the United States - published 10th Mar, 2014
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Meningococcal Disease in the United States - published 4th Dec, 2013
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Dengue Fever in United States (Texas) - published 21st Nov, 2013
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Dengue Fever in United States (Florida) - published 24th Oct, 2013
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West Nile Fever in the United States of America - published 29th Aug, 2013
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Rabies (Human) in United States (Update) - published 18th Mar, 2013
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Rabies (Human) in United States - published 14th Mar, 2013
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Influenza in the United States (Update) - published 1st Feb, 2013
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Influenza in the United States - published 17th Jan, 2013
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Degue Fever in United States (Florida) - published 6th Nov, 2012
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West Nile Virus Infection in United States (Update) - published 21st Sep, 2012
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Eastern Equine Encaphalitis in United States - published 21st Sep, 2012
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Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome in the United States (Update) - published 10th Sep, 2012
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Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome in the United States - published 29th Aug, 2012
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Rabies (Animal) in United States - published 23rd Aug, 2012
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West Nile Virus in the United States - published 17th Aug, 2012
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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in the United States - published 6th Aug, 2012
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Rabies (Human Exposure) in United States - published 1st Aug, 2012
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Measles in the United States - published 1st May, 2012
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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in the United States - published 12th Apr, 2012